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Welcome to your crash course. Hydro Machine Facial

Sure, topical skincare products (like vitamin C serums, glycolic acid peels, and retinol creams) can sloooowly help reduce the appearance of acne scars with months and months of consistent use, but if you really want to get rid of your acne scars and the dark spots and marks that linger post-breakout? You'll need to try a professional laser treatment for acne scars. Ask any dermatologist and I guarantee they'll agree: Lasers are the most efficient and effective way to treat acne scars, from pitted scars to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Ahead, everything you need to know about lasers for acne scars straight from the experts, including how they work, what to expect from a treatment, and the best lasers for every type of acne scarring and skin tone.

Before we can talk about the different lasers available for treating acne scars, we need to talk about the specific types of acne scars and marks that people commonly experience post-breakout. Ahead, a quick breakdown on the three main kinds:

These are the acne scars that look like hollow indents in the skin, says dermatologist Rachel Westbay, MD. "This concave appearance is due to a sudden loss of collagen, which is a result of inflammation that occurred at the time the acne lesion was active." Atrophic, or "pitted" acne scars, can be classified into three categories: ice pick scars, boxcar scars, and rolling scars:

In general, all of these types of acne scarring tend to be the result of cystic acne, not your average tiny bump that disappears after a few days.

These scars appear as raised bumps, like keloids, on the face as a result of scar tissue buildup, says dermatologist Corey L. Hartman, MD. "Most often, hypertrophic scarring occurs in patients with darker skin tones and can be a result from mild acne like whiteheads to more severe like cystic acne." In some cases, patients may experience keloid scars that are more prominent and long-lasting than the acne that caused them.

These types of acne scars are marks or spots that occur when acne like whiteheads, pustules, and/or cysts triggers an inflammatory response that produces an excess of pigment, resulting in patches and spots that are darker than your natural skin tone, says Dr. Hartman.

"Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation appears most common in patients with darker skin tones since dark skin has additional melanin in the skin," says Dr. Hartman. These scars and marks are also common in patients who tend to pop their pimples or pick their acne, which triggers and inflammatory response in the skin.

Yes, there are a variety of different laser treatments used by the pros to remove and reduce acne scarring (we'll get into the specific below) but, in general, most lasers treat acne scars by using thermal, or heat, energy to induce a wound healing response that triggers new collagen formation in the skin," says Dr. Westbay.

New collagen formation helps smooth and resurface the skin to improve the appearance of uneven texture and atrophic acne scarring. There are also lasers that use light energy to break up excess pigment in the skin, which are a great option for removing or fading post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and the discoloration that often lingers after your pimple has healed.

The most commonly used lasers for acne scars can be grouped into four categories: ablative lasers, non-ablative fractional lasers, IPL/BBL, and pico lasers. Here's how each one works and they're best for:

Ablative lasers—like CO2 and er:YAG—deliver an intense wavelength of light to remove the outer layers of skin while also heating the under layers of the skin, says dermatologist Arash Akhavan, MD. This process completely injures and resurfaces the skin, resulting in the presence of new, healthy tissue. Down time associated with ablative lasers is about two weeks, says Dr. Akhavan, adding that "severe scabbing will occur during these two weeks, and patients should completely limit sun exposure and physical activity as this could harm the healing process.

Bottom line: These lasers are incredibly powerful and produce great results, especially for those with atrophic acne scarring, but need to be used by experienced medical professionals only.

A non-ablative laser simply heats skin tissue without completing removing the top layers of the skin. They still use a sufficient amount of energy to induce collagen synthesis, they just don't create as much injury as an ablative laser, explains Dr. Westbay. "Because of this, patients with darker skin tones are candidates for non-ablative lasers, as they do not induce the abnormal pigmentation that often arises with ablative laser use on darker skin," says Dr. Westbay.

The vast majority of non-ablative lasers are also fractionated (like Fraxel Dual and Clear and Brilliant) which they treat only a small percentage of the skin in a given pass by creating micro-columns of destruction, leaving surrounding skin intact. The treated "fractions" of are referred to as microthermal zones. Because treated areas are separated by areas of normal, untreated skin, which act as a reservoir for tissue regeneration and remodeling, fractionated lasers tend to have shorter recovery times and lower risk of complications, says Dr. Westbay.

All of this is to say that non-ablative, fractionated lasers require less down time and have less chance of adverse effects than ablative lasers. They may not produce as dramatic resurfacing result, but they're generally considered a safer option for the majority of patients experiencing atrophic and hypertrophic scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Radiofrequency microneedling is another in-office procedure that professionals can use to treatment mild to moderate acne scarring, says Dr. Hartman. It involves passing a handheld device over the skin in a "stamping" motion—with each stamp, heat and sterile needles are pressed into the skin to creating tiny wounds. These wounds boost collagen and elastin production which, in turn, can smooth acne scars.

Radiofrequency microneedling is often used to create a skin tightening and smoothing effect in patients with wrinkles and skin laxity, but they can also be a great option for treating atrophic scars and improving your overall skin texture. RF microneedling is considered safe for all skin types and tones too, adds Dr. Hartman.

There are different radiofrequency microneedling treatments to choose from, including Morpheus 8, Vivace, Pixel8-RF, and Potenza, so chat with your derm or doctor to figure out what option is best for you. As for downtime? Expect a few days of redness but nothing major.

IPL and BBL are useful in treating post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and/or post-inflammatory erythema—the flat brown and/or red marks that people are often stuck with once their acne heals, says Dr. Westbay. Because these treatments don’t really work much for building collagen, they are not appropriate for treating any indentations in the skin, explains Dr. Westbay.

Rather, they use light energy to target both melanin pigment and redness (a matter of simply switching to a different filter on the same machine), to gradually fade marks and spots after each session, says Dr. Westbay. In my experience, the downtime associated with IPL and BLL is minimal and they're virtually painless with some numbing cream.

Like IPL and BBL, picosecond laser technology won't help with atrophic or hypertrophic acne scars, but's a great option for treating post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation—especially in skin of color, says Dr. Hartman. "Picosecond laser technology is the most advanced treatment modality for the removal of tattoo pigment and hyperpigmentation with a laser," says Dr. Hartman.

Picosecond lasers work by delivering super quick pulses of energy to the skin to break up pigment particles, just like a sledgehammer would break up concrete, allowing your body to absorb the smaller fragments of pigment over time, explains Dr. Hartman. "The lack of heat makes it a safer option for darker skin tones that are more vulnerable for variable outcomes and unpredictable results when heat is a part of the equation."

The number of laser sessions you'll need to reduce your acne scars depends on three things: the severity of your acne scars, which type of laser you use to treat them, and the intensity at which your doctor uses the laser. That said, ablative lasers tend to produce the most dramatic resurfacing effect so patients may need only one treatment to reduce their acne scars, while gentler treatments like IPL/BBL may require four or so treatments spaced a month apart to get the job done.

Before your first treatment, be sure to ask your provider what to expect after your first session, how many more sessions you'll need to fully clear up your scarring, and then if you'll need any maintenance treatments after that. This way you'll know exactly what to expect—and what you'll need to pay $—up front.

Also good to remember: the more intense the treatment, the longer the downtime so if you're not the kind of person who okay with hiding out for two weeks post-procedure, a one-and-done laser treatment like CO2 of er:YAG isn't going to be for you.

Most derms agree that if you want your acne scars to look less noticeable, laser treatments (like the ones discussed above) will give you the fastest and best results. The most important thing to remember? These lasers are *powerful* and when used incorrectly by inexperienced providers, they can have some seriously negative outcomes, like permanent scarring and severe burns.

So please, if you decide to go the laser route, be sure to make an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist who has experience treating acne scars similar to your own and who also has experience treating patients who have a similar skin tone to your own as well.

cryolipolysis slimming machine Lauren Balsamo is deputy beauty director at Cosmopolitan with nine years of experience researching, writing, and editing skincare stories that range from the best retinol eye creams to the best pore minimizing treatments. She’s an authority in all skincare categories but an expert when it comes to lasers for acne scars for all skin types. She regularly tests and analyzes lasers for acne scars and other acne treatments for efficacy, while working with the industry’s top dermatologists and estheticians to assess new formulas, brands, and technologies.